kamis, 07 Mei 2009
Oleh : Supriyanto
Sumber ; http://www.pontiana kpost.com/ index.php? mib=berita. detail&id= 18401
Sejak pertama kali dibuka di Landak tahun 1981, perkembangan perkebunan
kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Barat terus mengalami peningkatan. Bahkan dalam
beberapa tahun terakhir, tanaman generasi awal sudah diremajakan. Sayangnya,
perkembangan "pohon uang di tanah tropis" ini tidak pernah lepas dari
berbagai konflik dan kontroversi. Konflik kepemilikan lahan dan masalah
kerusakan lingkungan menjadi tantangan paling berat dalam pengembangan
komoditas ini dari dekade ke dekade.
Mengutip data pemerintah, kemampuan menanam kelapa sawit di Kalbar ternyata
rata-rata hanya 20.000 hektar pertahun. Sangat rendah dibanding izin yang
sudah diberikan pemerintah yang mencapai 1,5 juta ha. Apalagi jika
dibandingkan proyeksi (arahan lahan) pemerintah yang mencapai 4 juta ha.
Hingga tahun 2009, dengan luas kebun tidak lebih dari 500.000 ha, berarti
realisasinya kurang dari 35 persen. Membaca data ini, adakah yang salah
dalam sistem perkebunan kita? Bagaimana hubungannya dengan konflik dan
kontroversi yang terjadi? Menjawabnya memang tidak mudah. Tetapi mencermati
konflik dan kontroversi seperti terekam dalam pemberitaan media massa selama
ini, masalah sebetulnya terfokus pada dua hal.
Pertama, kerusakan lingkungan muncul sebagai akibat proses konversi
penggunaan lahan belum dilakukan dengan teknologi ramah lingkungan. Beberapa
diantaranya karena perencanaannya kurang matang dan menyalahi ketentuan
sehingga dampak lingkungan yang mestinya bisa dihindari menjadi tidak
tertangani. Fenomena banjir, kebakaran lahan atau gangguan lingkungan lain
yang berhubungan dengan proyek pengembangan kelapa sawit, sebetulnya
merupakan dampak yang bisa diduga. Tetapi karena adanya penyelewengan
terhadap ketentuan dan prosedur yang ada ditambah lemahnya penegakan hukum,
dampak terduga ini berubah menjadi seolah-olah bencana yang tak bisa
dihindari. Kedua, tidak terakomodasinya kepentingan dan hak masyarakat
sekitar lokasi pengembangan, terutama yang berhubungan dengan kepentingan
sosial-ekonomi. Beberapa kasus juga karena terabaikannya kebudayaan dan adat
setempat.
Komoditas Elit
Awalnya, pengembangan kelapa sawit Indonesia terinspirasi Malaysia yang
sukses menjadi penghasil produk berbasis kelapa sawit terbaik dan terbesar
di dunia. Melihat keunggulan seperti kesesuaian agroklimat, luas lahan
tersedia serta melimpahnya tenaga kerja, pemerintah Indonesia menetapkannya
sebagai komoditas unggulan dengan ekspektasi tinggi menjadi penggerak
ekonomi negara. Di lain pihak, Malaysia yang sudah kehabisan lahan dan
tenaga kerja kasar berusaha mempertahankan dominasinya dengan melakukan
ekspansi ke Indonesia. Caranya bekerjasama dengan perusahaan lokal. Bahkan
ada yang beroperasi sebagai penanam modal asing (PMA) murni. Gayung
bersambut. Investor kelapa sawit Malaysia yang terus mengejar keuntungan
dari bisnis minyak nabati ini disambut antusiasme pemerintah Indonesia.
Sayangnya, kenyataan tidak selalu sesuai harapan. Jutaan ha kebun kelapa
sawit berhasil dibangun, tetapi manfaatnya tidak semaksimal yang diharapkan.
Di Kalbar, kelapa sawit menjadi komoditas elit, menjadi "bisnis elit" antara
investor (dari luar Kalbar) dengan oknum-oknum elit daerah yang memiliki
akses luas terhadap penguasaan lahan. Rendahnya realisasi penggunaan lahan
dibanding izin yang sudah diberikan adalah indikasi yang cukup kuat bahwa
praktek "pengkaplingan" dan percaloan perizinan lahan oleh oknum-oknum
pejabat daerah adalah bukan isapan jempol belaka. Selain itu, sistem
tataniaga kelapa sawit yang menyerupai kartel internasional menyebabkannya
sulit diakses petani.
Revitalisasi Peran Pemerintah
Upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk memperbaiki keadaan ini adalah dengan
semakin memperkuat peran pemerintah dalam mendorong agar komoditas ini bisa
menjadi komoditas rakyat. Ada dua langkah strategis yang dapat dilakukan.
Pertama, memperluas kesempatan kepemilikan kebun oleh masyarakat lokal
melalui berbagai kelembagaan petani. Pembukaan kebun diupayakan mandiri oleh
petani melalui lembaga berbadan hukum seperti koperasi yang dikelola petani
dengan bantuan pembiayaan dari lembaga keuangan (di bawah jaminan
pemerintah). Kedua, membantu kemandirian petani dalam proses pengolahan dan
pemasaran. Untuk kasus ini, pemerintah dapat meniru Provinsi Gorontalo
dibawah Fadel Muhammad yang sukses membangun Gorontalo menjadi produsen
jagung nasional. Pemerintah berupaya keras mencarikan jalur pemasaran baru
untuk kelapa sawit petani, baik melalui kerjasama dengan BUMN yang sudah ada
ataupun dengan membentuk lembaga pemasaran baru berisi para profesional guna
mencari posisi tawar baru dalam sistem tataniaga yang berlaku.
Dua langkah strategis ini idealnya dilakukan secara bersama-sama. Meski
demikian, langkah kedua tampaknya sangat mendesak dilakukan lebih dahulu
guna membantu petani yang kini posisinya sangat tidak menguntungkan. Kedua
langkah tersebut memang merupakan pekerjaan besar. Tetapi jika dapat
dilaksanakan akan menggerakkan perekonomian daerah lebih cepat karena
lapisan terbawah masyarakat memperoleh kesempatan lebih luas untuk maju. **
* Penulis, Dosen Fakultas Pertanian Untan, Praktisi Perkebunan.
Rabu, 06 Mei 2009
Minggu, 06 Juli 2008
starting point
in the 6 months to go, i will be really fucking crazy with this blog discussing
debating arguing on the issue of palm oil, economic globalization, international organization, the realization of international commitment on the social and environmental protection, comparing agreements on paper and the reality in the field.
time for revising my proposal, reconstructing my methodology, and developing the theoretical frame work, will be allocated for one month, that is this july, no more, and no additional time for it.
in august, i wish that the data has been collected in my pocket, while doing my internship at milleu defensie, amsterdam. by doing the internship, i hope that i can reach some important key persons and data from that organization.
i have decided not going home, for several reasons. i am asking a help from my colleagues in west kalimantan and north sumatera for the field data. i hope it can be going through.
i expected it will be finished on august.
september will be a time for conclusion, and revision after defending the theses.
now, after long vacation, it is a time for going back reading and writing.....
good luck, king.
2;37 am, july 07, 08.
debating arguing on the issue of palm oil, economic globalization, international organization, the realization of international commitment on the social and environmental protection, comparing agreements on paper and the reality in the field.
time for revising my proposal, reconstructing my methodology, and developing the theoretical frame work, will be allocated for one month, that is this july, no more, and no additional time for it.
in august, i wish that the data has been collected in my pocket, while doing my internship at milleu defensie, amsterdam. by doing the internship, i hope that i can reach some important key persons and data from that organization.
i have decided not going home, for several reasons. i am asking a help from my colleagues in west kalimantan and north sumatera for the field data. i hope it can be going through.
i expected it will be finished on august.
september will be a time for conclusion, and revision after defending the theses.
now, after long vacation, it is a time for going back reading and writing.....
good luck, king.
2;37 am, july 07, 08.
Rabu, 16 April 2008
In the shade of the oil palm
The dissertaion talks about the javanes workers in oil palm plantation at North Sumatera. Sjafri tried to scrutinize the relation of certain culture of javanese called
'tentrem' to the persistence of javanese in working on plantation.
social economic considerations are the reason. socially, they have certain culture that is keen to tentrem, tranquility, calm, nrimo. economically they think that to be a worker in plantation is better than outside plantation.
in fact, the condition of worker rights is not sufficient; the wages standard, working hours, rest days, equipment, etc. the socio-cultural pattern in plantation contributes to that persistance; the uniformity of way of thought, communication, religion affiliation, and also to maintain the tentrem life.
in my part, the explanation above to answer the question: why there is no sufficient movement or conflict in plantation is not enough. it can not break and discover
the reality by ending the searching with the word of tentrem as well. He should ask
again why the javanese workers have the certain custom. the author can not see the real power relation in the plantation, and the using of certain power and its tool to control the plantation.
saurlin.
'tentrem' to the persistence of javanese in working on plantation.
social economic considerations are the reason. socially, they have certain culture that is keen to tentrem, tranquility, calm, nrimo. economically they think that to be a worker in plantation is better than outside plantation.
in fact, the condition of worker rights is not sufficient; the wages standard, working hours, rest days, equipment, etc. the socio-cultural pattern in plantation contributes to that persistance; the uniformity of way of thought, communication, religion affiliation, and also to maintain the tentrem life.
in my part, the explanation above to answer the question: why there is no sufficient movement or conflict in plantation is not enough. it can not break and discover
the reality by ending the searching with the word of tentrem as well. He should ask
again why the javanese workers have the certain custom. the author can not see the real power relation in the plantation, and the using of certain power and its tool to control the plantation.
saurlin.
Rabu, 17 Oktober 2007
group discussion
resume of the lecture; state vs market:
The lecture tries to elaborate two institutions in dev; state and market. The each role of the two has been debated because of the ideology and politic which are addressed/tracked to them.
2. Washington consensus which was born in the era of cold war said as the recipes used by WB-IMF in doing their activity in LDCs
3.The recipes of WB-IMF are fault to LDCs
4.Some new books and intellectuals ( Stiglitz, pilger, Chomsky, vandana siva, john perkins, etc) have shown that WB –IMF are actually very political which is controlled by DCs interests to occupy LDCs.
5.Some LDCs showed their good growing when they stop relation to WB –IMF- WTO; such as Malaysia, china, and now Venezuela,cs
6.The lecturer concluded that state is the most important to play the game in the market; means that state must watch out, protect and control the dynamic of market.
THE QUESTION IS
What should LDCs do in order to the facts that WB-IMF are political economic tools of DCs to occupy LDCs?”
alternatives:
1. bring the institutions to the litigation process ( national or international litigation)
2. abolish the institution.
3. reform the institution or create new institution which gives positive prospects to the global justice.
..................group C ; 2101.
The lecture tries to elaborate two institutions in dev; state and market. The each role of the two has been debated because of the ideology and politic which are addressed/tracked to them.
2. Washington consensus which was born in the era of cold war said as the recipes used by WB-IMF in doing their activity in LDCs
3.The recipes of WB-IMF are fault to LDCs
4.Some new books and intellectuals ( Stiglitz, pilger, Chomsky, vandana siva, john perkins, etc) have shown that WB –IMF are actually very political which is controlled by DCs interests to occupy LDCs.
5.Some LDCs showed their good growing when they stop relation to WB –IMF- WTO; such as Malaysia, china, and now Venezuela,cs
6.The lecturer concluded that state is the most important to play the game in the market; means that state must watch out, protect and control the dynamic of market.
THE QUESTION IS
What should LDCs do in order to the facts that WB-IMF are political economic tools of DCs to occupy LDCs?”
alternatives:
1. bring the institutions to the litigation process ( national or international litigation)
2. abolish the institution.
3. reform the institution or create new institution which gives positive prospects to the global justice.
..................group C ; 2101.
Sabtu, 13 Oktober 2007
state vs market
Should govt or shoud not govt involves to the market?
1. clasic economy: free market
2.maynard keynes: in many ways, govt must control the market.
3. neo clasic; derived by washington consensus:
-fiscal discipline
-redirection of public expenditure
-tax reform
-interest rate liberalization
-competitive exchange rate
trade liberalization
competitive exchange rate
-trade liberalization
-liberalization of FDI
Privatization
-Deregulation
-Secure property rights
there are 3 slogan of neos by washington conss: Stabilize, liberalize, Privatize.
*an example of the work of neo -clasic: the east asia miracle ( indonesia,malaysia, south korea, etc..) which were fault.
the report provided by john page( WB consultant): newly industrialize economies of south east asia.
the conclusion:
state is the most powerful institution to chanel and tame the power of market ( Boy
1. clasic economy: free market
2.maynard keynes: in many ways, govt must control the market.
3. neo clasic; derived by washington consensus:
-fiscal discipline
-redirection of public expenditure
-tax reform
-interest rate liberalization
-competitive exchange rate
trade liberalization
competitive exchange rate
-trade liberalization
-liberalization of FDI
Privatization
-Deregulation
-Secure property rights
there are 3 slogan of neos by washington conss: Stabilize, liberalize, Privatize.
*an example of the work of neo -clasic: the east asia miracle ( indonesia,malaysia, south korea, etc..) which were fault.
the report provided by john page( WB consultant): newly industrialize economies of south east asia.
the conclusion:
state is the most powerful institution to chanel and tame the power of market ( Boy
Rabu, 10 Oktober 2007
culture disorientation..........
shit..! oh my god...:)
how can i get the term? i do not know if the term is exist in dictionary
or even in sociology term. but it is just come up suddenly to my mind,
when i woke up in the unpleasant dawn..but its ok, i got a terminology
that might be able to describe my condition nowadays. what the hell are it?
Why I found a word that makes me think too hard to find its definition...:)
culture disorientation; when i want something or when thinking something,
there are several languanges which are speaking in my mind. in other words, I interprete something in my mind in differences languange;sometimes in
english, indonesia, and bataknese..i do not now why my brain responses like that.
when i am annoying by something, batak languange will come up, or if i do silly things. when i think about a defenition, tailoring it in english and indonesia
in my mind. when i count something, some time i use english and other times i use
indonesia languange. when i am dreaming,i speak in english, but another time
speak in the others langunges. or...when I am shocked by something, I often
use indonesia langunge, i.e, when I was playing football, some time I say;
wuih...mantap kali golnya, brengsek!! and immediately all of my friends saw me weirdly....and said, what???.or if i saw a couple was kissing so looong,
some time i said, syaitan, buset dah...
I hope i have defined something......
dorus rijkerplein 164, 5th floor. ISS hostel, the Hague..
kingkong, the dawn, oct 11, 07
how can i get the term? i do not know if the term is exist in dictionary
or even in sociology term. but it is just come up suddenly to my mind,
when i woke up in the unpleasant dawn..but its ok, i got a terminology
that might be able to describe my condition nowadays. what the hell are it?
Why I found a word that makes me think too hard to find its definition...:)
culture disorientation; when i want something or when thinking something,
there are several languanges which are speaking in my mind. in other words, I interprete something in my mind in differences languange;sometimes in
english, indonesia, and bataknese..i do not now why my brain responses like that.
when i am annoying by something, batak languange will come up, or if i do silly things. when i think about a defenition, tailoring it in english and indonesia
in my mind. when i count something, some time i use english and other times i use
indonesia languange. when i am dreaming,i speak in english, but another time
speak in the others langunges. or...when I am shocked by something, I often
use indonesia langunge, i.e, when I was playing football, some time I say;
wuih...mantap kali golnya, brengsek!! and immediately all of my friends saw me weirdly....and said, what???.or if i saw a couple was kissing so looong,
some time i said, syaitan, buset dah...
I hope i have defined something......
dorus rijkerplein 164, 5th floor. ISS hostel, the Hague..
kingkong, the dawn, oct 11, 07
Selasa, 09 Oktober 2007
division of labour, social differentition and inequalitiy
Division of labour, social differentiation and inequality can be seen briefly from what Karl Marx said as class analysis. Each social class is determined by what they have which is called by neo Marxism as economic determinism. By Marx, simply each society can be divided to proletariat class having merely “their hands to work” and bourgeois class having production tools and benefiting from proletariat class working.
The Inequality related to the classes can be described from the result of production process. What the bourgeois class gets from the production process is profit of the production which is not only bigger, but also oppressed the other class, while working class or proletariat just reaches wage or salary regulated by bourgeois. This old concept describing class relation is still exist in many developing countries i.e. situation in many big oil palm plantations in Indonesia.
The oil palm plantation built by Dutch Government colonial in the age of eighties in Indonesia (Hindia Netherland) dropped labour from the crowded island, Java, to several islands called transmigration project. They became workers in many plantations called by term of Marx as proletariat; receiving wage every month, they had no access to be the owner of land and the plantation and or to the real profits of the plantation as the owner had. It is happen to every generation of them where I was seeing and familiar with.
assigment for erhard class.
The Inequality related to the classes can be described from the result of production process. What the bourgeois class gets from the production process is profit of the production which is not only bigger, but also oppressed the other class, while working class or proletariat just reaches wage or salary regulated by bourgeois. This old concept describing class relation is still exist in many developing countries i.e. situation in many big oil palm plantations in Indonesia.
The oil palm plantation built by Dutch Government colonial in the age of eighties in Indonesia (Hindia Netherland) dropped labour from the crowded island, Java, to several islands called transmigration project. They became workers in many plantations called by term of Marx as proletariat; receiving wage every month, they had no access to be the owner of land and the plantation and or to the real profits of the plantation as the owner had. It is happen to every generation of them where I was seeing and familiar with.
assigment for erhard class.
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